Transpose Transpose[mat] transposes the first two levels of mat Attributes[Transpose] := {Protected} Simple examples In[1]:= Transpose[{a, b}] Out[1]= Transpose[{a, b}] In[2]:= Transpose[{{a}, {b}}] Out[2]= {{a, b}} In[3]:= Transpose[{{a, b}}] Out[3]= {{a}, {b}} In[4]:= Transpose[{{{a}, {b}}}] Out[4]= {{{a}}, {{b}}} In[5]:= Transpose[a] Out[5]= Transpose[a]